What is Java?

Java is a multi-platform, object-oriented, and network-centric, programming language. It is among the most used programming language. It also used as a computing platform, and it was first released by Sun Microsystem in 1995. It was later acquired by Oracle Corporation.

What is Python?

Python is a high-level object-oriented programming language. It has built-in data structures, combined with dynamic binding and typing, which makes it an ideal choice for rapid application development. Python also offers support for modules and packages, which allows system modularity and code reuse.

KEY DIFFERENCES

• Java is a compiled+ interpreted Language whereas Python is an Interpreted Language
• Java is statically typed whereas Python is dynamically typed
• Java has a complex learning curve whereas Python is easy to learn and use
• Java is a multi-platform, object-oriented, and network-centric, programming language whereas Python is a high-level object-oriented programming language.
• Java takes 10 lines of code to read from a file while Python only needs 2 lines of code.
• Java language uses curly braces to define the beginning and end of each function and class definition, whereas Python uses indentation to separate code into separate blocks.
• In Java, multiple inheritances is partially done through interfaces, whereas Python supports both single and multiple inheritances.
• Java offers limited string related functions, whereas Python offers lots of string related functions.
• Java program can run on any computer or mobile device which is able to run the Java virtual machine (JVM) while Python programs need an interpreter installed on the target machine to translate Python code. Compared to Java, Python is less portable.
• Java is best for Desktop GUI apps, Embed Systems, Web application services, whereas Python is excellent for scientific and numeric computing, Machine learning apps,more.
• Java offers stable connectivity, while Python offers weak connectivity.

Who uses Python & Java?

Python is often used with new programmers or junior developers entering a data science role. The big machine learning libraries, TensorFlow and pyTorch, are both written in Python.

Python has excellent data processing libraries with Pandas and Dask, and good data visualization capabilities with packages such as Matplotlib and Seaborn.

Java is used a lot for web development. It is more common among senior-level programmers. It allows for asynchronous programming, and has a decent Natural Language Processing community.

Both languages can be used in API interactions and for machine learning. Java is better developed for building web applications. Python’s Flask library is still only able to build the basics to a Python-based UI but is great for creating a Python back-end with an API endpoint.

Python v/s Java in code

Syntax of PYTHON

Print ‘hello world’

Syntax of JAVA

public  class java {

public static void main(String args[]) {

System.out.println(“Hello World”);

}

}

Features of Java

Here are the important features of Java.

• Write code once and run it on almost any computing platform
• It is designed for building object-oriented applications.
• It is a multithreaded language with automatic memory management
• Facilitates distributed computing as its network-centric

Features of Python

Here, are important features of Python

• Easy to learn, read, and maintain
• It can run on various hardware platforms & using the same interface.
• You can include low-level modules to the Python interpreter.
• Python offers an ideal structure and support for large programs.
• Python offers support for automatic garbage collection.
• It supports an interactive mode of testing and debugging.
• It offers high-level dynamic data types and also supports dynamic type checking.
• Python language can be integrated with Java, C, and C++ programming code.

Disadvantages of Java

• JIT compiler makes the program comparatively slow.
• Java has high memory and processing requirements. Therefore, hardware cost increases.
• It does not provide support for low-level programming constructs like pointers.
• You don’t have any control over garbage collection as Java does not offer functions like delete(), free().

Disadvantages of Python

Here, are cons/drawback of using Python language

• Used in fewer platforms.
• Python is interpreted, so it’s much slower than its counterparts.
• Weak in mobile computing, hence not used in app development
• Science Python is dynamic, more errors show up at run-time
• Underdeveloped and primitive database access layer
• Absence of commercial support

 Source: BMC

Difference between Java and Python

Google Trends

The trend is likely caused because of Python’s great use for experimentation, and Java’s better use for production code. There is more experimentation than production code.

Java is a statically typed and compiled language, and Python is a dynamically typed and interpreted language. This single difference makes Java faster at runtime and easier to debug, but Python is easier to use and easier to read.

Python has gained popularity, in large part, due to its communicativity; people just grasp it easier. With it, the libraries for Python are immense, so a new programmer will not have to start from scratch. Java is old and still widely used, so it also has a lot of libraries and a community for support.

Java or Python: Who is the best?

Python is an ideal choice for beginners as the language is more intuitive, and its syntax is very much similar to the English language. Its open-source nature facilitates a slew of new tools that improve it.

On the other hand, Java is a general-purpose programming language that was designed with a specific goal of allowing developers to write once run anywhere.

Selection one language among these ultimately comes down to the nature and the cost of the development project.